![2016 – Stripped](https://image.tmdb.org/t/p/w185/1ipUhrZ20j5etoqfJnzdlwhTcQd.jpg)
6.3
2016 – Stripped
IMDb: 6.3 2016 12 min 4 views
Stripped / Stripped – 2016:
![2012 – A Turtle’s Tale 2: Sammy’s Escape from Paradise](https://image.tmdb.org/t/p/w185/br7BxWeKDKCPExIIN6ePoCLe07z.jpg)
5.6
2012 – A Turtle’s Tale 2: Sammy’s Escape from Paradise
IMDb: 5.6 2012 92 min 8 views
A Turtle’s Tale 2: Sammy’s Escape from Paradise / A Turtle’s Tale 2: Sammy’s Escape from Paradise – 2012: